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Whether in bustling cities or remote villages, the 1880s and 1890s were years of terrifying upheaval for Africans. Fleet upon fleet of foreign soldiers armed with new weaponry - and a sense of entitlement - descended, seemingly overnight.
In the space of just 20 years, 90 per cent of Africa was brought under European occupation. Europe had captured a continent.
Europe was in the throes of the Industrial Revolution. The advent of the machine was transforming the cities there into the workshop of the world - a workshop in need of raw materials. It was the dawn of industrial-scale production, modern capitalist economies and mass international trade. And in this new industrial era the value of Africa rocketed - not only for its materials and as a strategic trade route, but also as a market for the goods Europe now produced in bulk.In the space of just 20 years, 90 per cent of Africa was brought under European occupation. Europe had captured a continent.
Europe was in the throes of the Industrial Revolution. The advent of the machine was transforming the cities there into the workshop of the world - a workshop in need of raw materials. It was the dawn of industrial-scale production, modern capitalist economies and mass international trade. And in this new industrial era the value of Africa rocketed - not only for its materials and as a strategic trade route, but also as a market for the goods Europe now produced in bulk.
Contrary to previous impressions that Kenya's population growth was slowing down, the census results published on Tuesday demonstrate that the situation is not getting better.
On average, a Kenyan woman gives birth to four or five children. The statistics also indicate that every year, one million children are born.
As campaigns for the General Election hot up, some parties and political commentators are blaming the way Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) presidential candidate Jakaya Kikwete, who happens to be the Head of State, has been managing his two portfolios in the campaigns.
The argument is that he has been using his presidential clout to his and the party's advantage in some areas, thereby going against the principles of democracy that require each candidate and party to be given an equal opportunity to compete.
The proposed vetting of judges has generated plenty of heat over the composition of the team that will carry out the exercise.
Some would prefer that the vetting team consist entirely of advocates of the High Court, while civil society groups are rooting for inclusion of lay people.
After the disgrace that was the ruling party's primaries, the inevitable question is: what next? The sensible answer should be that now we do a lot of soul searching. The thieves (the party has labelled them as such) within the National Resistance Movement (NRM) must face up to their dishonourable conduct. At the same time, the country must ask if we can hope to build a proper democracy founded on the quick sands of cheap groceries traded mainly between the impoverished peasant vote holder and the corrupt political class.
The new initiative by government to have all civil servants in public institutions take oath should not be taken lightly.
This is in line with the 2002 law on the general statutes for Rwanda public service which, among other things, requires all public servants to take oath before officially starting their jobs.
The move will inevitably promote accountability on the part of the public servants as well as enhance service delivery in the public sector. These are some of the key elements that foster good governance and development across the country.
THE National Resistance Movement (NRM) primary elections will hopefully end this weekend with repeat polls. There is no doubt that the party faced challenges in organising the elections, but the shortcomings should be used as a learning point by all those interested in smooth general elections next year.
THE blue, yellow, brown, black plastic sandals that can be spotted in East Africa and beyond are variously called "nigiina" in Uganda", "boda boda" in Kenya' and "yebo yebo" in Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi. These high utility commodities which are imported from China are very popular. They are worn by both men and women, and cost on average less than two dollars.
AT 19 years, the twin brothers from the legendary late Sadi Onito family can now put up a genuine contest in the Uganda Open which tees off at Kitante course today.
COACH Bobby Williamson's Cranes will surely have over a billion reasons to be motivated for Saturday's Nations Cup qualifier after sealing a new three-year sh1.4b sponsorship deal yesterday.